With the growth and development of contemporary societies, urban challenges have intensified—one of the most critical being climate change, which necessitates enhanced flexibility within urban systems. Urban flexibility refers to the capacity of urban spaces to adapt to environmental changes and serves as a fundamental indicator for assessing community resilience. This study aims to evaluate the degree of flexibility in Urmia city in response to climate change, focusing on its five administrative districts. Methodologically, this applied research follows a descriptive-analytical approach and is structured in three stages. The first stage involves a climatological analysis of Urmia's temperature and precipitation trends over the past 30 years and projections for the coming decades. The second stage includes a literature review and field observations, utilizing Likert-scale assessments and factor scoring to evaluate urban flexibility indicators. The third stage applies the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test using SPSS software to statistically rank the data based on factor scores.

The findings reveal that Urmia exhibits insufficient preparedness to face future climate challenges, indicating the need for revised urban planning strategies and adaptive environmental policies. Projections suggest that the city's average annual temperature may increase by approximately 0.7°C over the next 30 years, emphasizing the urgency of climate-sensitive planning. Moreover, among the four dimensions of flexibility assessed—morphological and physical adaptability, spatial multifunctionality, environmental sustainability, and crisis management—two indicators (urban morphology flexibility and spatial multifunctionality) received the highest scores (2.04 and 2.02 respectively), suggesting relatively favorable conditions. In contrast, the environmental and crisis management dimensions scored significantly lower (1.68 and 1.23), highlighting critical weaknesses and the need for comprehensive strategic interventions.