The agricultural sector is the main and most important source of food supply in the world; Therefore, it plays a significant role in ensuring the food, social and even political security of the countries of the world. Therefore, sustainable water management, especially in the agricultural sector, is one of the requirements that should be considered by the country's planners. Azarshahr plain has played a significant role in providing agricultural products of the region due to its proximity to Tabriz metropolis and the existence of prosperous gardens and agriculture. Due to the intrusion of salt water, the production of agricultural products in the villages around Lake Urmia in this plain has almost stopped. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the sustainable management of agricultural water in Azarshahr county. The research method of this article was a survey in terms of practical purpose and in terms of the method of collecting data and information by descriptive-correlation method. The study population of this research was the water wheat farmers of Azarshahr city, numbering 240people. In order to select people for the study, a stratified sampling method with proportional assignment was used, and based on the Karjesi and Morgan table, a sample of 149 farmers was selected for the research. In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used in the method of partial least squares with the help of SMART PLS software. The obtained results showed that extension, educational, cooperative, supportive, agricultural, economic and social factors have a positive and significant effect on the optimal water consumption for the sustainable development of agriculture in Azarshahr city.