The mosque, as one of the most significant religious and social institutions, has always played a fundamental role in educating and guiding younger generations. In light of today’s cultural and social challenges, examining the factors that attract, as well as the obstacles that hinder, the participation of adolescents and youth in mosques is both a scientific and social necessity. This study, employing a descriptive–analytical approach and based on library and documentary research, explores the role of mosque actors (including the imam, board of trustees, and cultural activists), the environmental features of the mosque, and its interaction with families and schools in engaging adolescents. The findings reveal that the personality and conduct of the imam, the exemplary role of cultural activists, systematic planning by the board of trustees, and the creation of an appealing environment aligned with the needs of the younger generation are among the key factors in attracting youth to the mosque. Conversely, weak family and school interaction with the mosque, the lack of programs tailored to young people’s interests, and certain individual and social barriers reduce the sustainable presence of adolescents. Accordingly, it is concluded that realizing the true role of the mosque in nurturing the new generation requires comprehensive cultural–educational planning, the effective use of family and educational system capacities, and the empowerment of mosque cultural activists.