This study was conducted to examine the resilience and business life cycle of rural women’s businesses in Arsanjan County. The statistical population consisted of women engaged in microenterprises and home-based businesses who are members of microcredit funds. The research is applied in nature and descriptive–analytical in method. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to a sample of 106 rural women. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS24 software was employed for data analysis. The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between the level of resilience and the business life cycle. The strongest effect on the mediating variable of the business life cycle was related to supportive policies, followed by managerial skills. The resilience of rural women’s businesses is influenced by a combination of managerial, institutional, and network factors. Managerial skills, with the strongest direct and significant effect, are identified as the most important factor in strengthening business resilience, highlighting the importance of planning ability, resource management, and informed decision-making under economic and environmental constraints in this county. The significant impact of social networks suggests that access to local relationships, informal networks, and social ties plays a decisive role in enhancing women’s adaptive capacity and the continuity of their economic activities. It is recommended that, in order to improve the resilience and sustainability of rural women’s businesses, skill-training support networks, the development of local markets, and the linkage of microcredit funds with rural development institutions be strengthened.