In the contemporary era, the excessive growth in energy demand resulting from urban expansion, population growth, and industrial development has become one of humanity’s fundamental and strategic challenges. This increasing dependence on non-renewable energy resources, together with the irresponsible exploitation of natural capacities, has led to severe environmental consequences such as global warming, climate change, and the disruption of ecological balance. Therefore, the design of buildings that inflict the least possible harm on the environment has always been of great importance.Accordingly, in terms of its nature, this study is exploratory, and in terms of its data collection method, it is correlational-survey based. The study population consisted of 208 residents of Sabzevar City who were surveyed. The collected data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. The findings indicate that the variable of energy consumption has a correlation of 0.993 with the components of sustainable housing. Moreover, the five-factor structure of sustainable housing design—including biophilic orientation, lighting and ventilation, energy and natural resources, smart technologies, and materials—explains 98.6 percent of the variation in energy consumption based on the adjusted coefficient of determination. Among these, the components of lighting and ventilation, and natural resources, with impact coefficients of 0.326 and 0.315 respectively, at the 99 percent significance level, have the greatest effect on optimizing energy consumption in residential buildings in Sabzevar City.