جغرافیا و روابط انسانی

جغرافیا و روابط انسانی

شناسایی محل‌های مناسب اجرای عملیات کنترل و کاهش فرسایش سطحی و شیاری با استفاده از مدل ارزیابی خطر فرسایش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد
2 دانشگاه اردکان
10.22034/gahr.2024.473715.2241
چکیده
یکی از مهم‌ترین نیازهای لازم برای اجرای کارآمد عملیات حفاظت خاک، تعیین مناطقی است که از نظر فرسایش بیشترین حساسیت را داشته و مقادیر فرسایش در آنها بالا است. در این پژوهش برای تعیین محل‌های مناسب اجرای عملیات حفاظت خاک و کنترل فرسایش، خطر فرسایش خاک در یک بازه زمانی 30 ساله در دو سال 1370 و 1400 در حوزه آبخیز کلات شهرستان گناباد، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. برای ارزیابی خطر فرسایش خاک از مدل SL190-96 استفاده شد. در این مدل سه فاکتور پوشش گیاهی، شیب و کاربری اراضی به عنوان ورودی‌های اصلی برای ارزیابی خطر فرسایش مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند. نتایج حاصل نشان داد 4/9 درصد از سطح حوضه مورد مطالعه دارای اولویت خیلی بالا و 6/45 درصد دارای اولویت بالا برای اجرای این عملیات هستند. بطورکلی وضعیت خطر فرسایش در سال 1400 نسبت به سال 1370 حادتر شده و از وسعت مناطق با خطر فرسایش ناچیز، کم و متوسط کاسته شده و به کلاس‌های خطر زیاد، خیلی زیاد و بسیار زیاد اضافه شده است. بیشترین کاهش در خطر فرسایش مربوط به کلاس خطر فرسایش متوسط در سال 1370 بود. بیشترین افزایش نیز مربوط به کلاس خطر فرسایش خیلی زیاد در سال 1400 بوده است. بر اساس نتایج ارزیابی حاصل، تنها 13/0 درصد از منطقه مورد مطالعه وضعیت فرسایش آنها در سال 1400 نسبت به سال 1370 بهبود یافته و 14/65 درصد از آنها از نظر وضعیت خطر فرسایش حادتر شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Identifying suitable locations for the implementation of control and reduction of sheet and rill erosion using the erosion risk assessment model

نویسندگان English

Masoud Eshghizadeh 1
Mehdi Hayatzadeh 2
1 University of Gonabad
2 Ardakan University
چکیده English

One of the methods that can be used to determine suitable and effective places in erosion control is to determine the soil erosion risk. In this method, to determine the suitable places for implementing soil conservation, the soil erosion risk was evaluated in 30 years in 1991 and 2020 in the Kalat watershed of Gonabad county. SL190-96 model was used to evaluate soil erosion risk. In this model, three factors of vegetation cover, slope, and land use are used as the main inputs to evaluate the erosion risk. The results showed that 9.4% of the study area has a very high priority and 45.6% has a high priority for the implementation of the soil conservation measures. In general, the erosion risk in 2021 has become more acute than in 1991, and the area of areas with slight, low, and moderate erosion risk has been reduced, and it has been added to high, very high, and extremely high. The greatest reduction in erosion risk was related to the moderate erosion risk class in 1991. The highest increase was related to the very high erosion risk class in 2021. Based on the results, in 2021 compared to 1991 only 0.13% of the studied area improved their erosion risk and 65.14% of them have become more acute.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Prioritization
Soil conservation
Vegetation cover
Geographic Information System
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  • تاریخ دریافت 26 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 08 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 07 مهر 1403