One of the principles of passive defense is selecting a suitable location with a high safety and spatial security coefficient to protect critical centers. The aim of this research is to locate critical centers in the western and northwestern regions of Iran, including the border provinces of West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Ilam, Kurdistan, and Kermanshah. The research is applied in nature and employs a descriptive-analytical method. Data collection was conducted through library studies and questionnaires, and data analysis was performed using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method in GIS software, examining geological, climatic, and spatial-physical criteria. The results indicate that 11.56% of the area is categorized as completely unsuitable, including cities such as Ilam, Azarshahr, Bukan, Paveh, Sanandaj, Shahindezh, Sahneh, and Nir, 21.59% of the area is classified as unsuitable, covering cities such as Ardabil, Osku, Bonab, Bijar, Piranshahr, Javanrud, Chaldoran, Khodabandeh, Saqqez, Qasr-e-Shirin, Kangavar, Gilan-e-Gharb, Maku, Maragheh, Meshkinshahr, Miyaneh, Harsin, Hashtrud, Shirvan, and Chardavol, 29.83% of the area falls into the relatively suitable category, which includes cities like Abhar, Urmia, Oshnavieh, Ahar, Ivan, Baneh, Tabriz, Salas-e-Babajani, Khorramdarreh, Khalkhal, Khoy, Dehloran, Zanjan, Sarpol-e-Zahab, Sardasht, Shabestar, Tarom, Qorveh, Kamyaran, Kalibar, Germi, Marivan, Mehran, Naghadeh, Namin, Varzeghan, and Haris, 23.85% of the area is classified as suitable, encompassing cities such as Islamabad-e-Gharb, Ejrud, Abdanan, Bostanabad, Takab, Jolfa, Charoymaq, Darrehshahr, Divandarreh, Sarab, Saqqez, Kosar, Mahneshan, Malekan, and Miandoab, 13.19% of the area is considered completely suitable, including cities such as Bilehsovar, Sarvabad, Marand, and Mahabad. Finally, proposed strategies and recommendations are presented.