جغرافیا و روابط انسانی

جغرافیا و روابط انسانی

سنجش اثرات مقررات کاربری اراضی بر گسترش حاشیه نشینی (مطالعه‌ی موردی: شهر تهران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران ایران
2 گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و هنر، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
10.22034/gahr.2025.515782.2534
چکیده
شهرنشینی سریع و فزاینده در جهان و به ویژه در کشورهای در حال توسعه، منجر به گسترش سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی شده که چالش‌های پایداری شهری را افزایش داده است. اگرچه فقر اغلب دلیل اصلی این پدیده محسوب می‌شود، پژوهش‌های اخیر تاکید دارند که مقررات سخت‌گیرانه و ناکارآمد کاربری اراضی شهری، با افزایش قیمت زمین و محدود کردن دسترسی، خانوارهای کم‌درآمد را ناچار به سکونت در بخش غیررسمی می‌کنند. در ایران نیز این پدیده ریشه در عوامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی، نهادی و به‌ویژه سیاست‌ها و مقررات کاربری زمین دارد که به دلیل ناکارآمدی نهادهای متولی و عدم هماهنگی و مشارکت، پاسخگوی نیازهای جمعیتی و اقتصادی نیست. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی و تحلیل نقش برنامه‌ریزی نظام کاربری اراضی در شکل‌گیری و تداوم سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی است تا زمینه برای بازنگری در سیاست‌ها و ارائه راهکارهای کارآمدتر فراهم شود. این تحقیق کاربردی، از حیث ماهیت و روش، توصیفی-تحلیلی است و گردآوری داده‌ها به صورت ترکیبی (کمی و کیفی) انجام شده است. مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌ها از طریق مطالعه‌ی اسنادی و تحلیل محتوای کیفی استخراج و سپس با روش دلفی دو مرحله‌ای توسط 53 نفر از اساتید و متخصصان اعتبارسنجی و پالایش شدند. برای تحلیل داده‌های کمی و بررسی روابط علی، از مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) و نرم‌افزار Smart PLS استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل ساختاری نشان داد که عوامل تراکم‌زدایی و کاربری سخت‌گیرانه، اجرای گزینشی قوانین و دسترسی محدود به بازارهای رسمی زمین تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر گسترش حاشیه‌نشینی در شهر تهران دارند، در حالی که فرآیندهای پیچیده تأثیر معناداری را نشان نداد. این مدل با ضریب تعیین811/0 حاشیه‌نشینی و مقدار برازش کلی 76/0 برای قدرت پیش‌بینی و برازش قوی برخوردار است. این یافته‌ها بر اهمیت اصلاح مقررات، بهبود دسترسی به زمین و مشارکت‌بخشی برای مقابله با گسترش حاشیه‌نشینی تأکید می‌کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Assessment of the Impacts of Land Use Regulations on the Expansion of Informal Settlements: A Case Study of Tehran

نویسندگان English

Elahe Shakeri mansour 1
Yaser Gholipour 2
Nader Zali 2
1 Postdoctoral Researcher in Urban and Regional Planning, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
2 Urban Planning Department, Faculty of Architecture and Art, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده English

Rapid and accelerating urbanization worldwide, particularly in developing countries, has led to the expansion of informal settlements, thereby intensifying urban sustainability challenges. Although poverty is often regarded as the primary cause of this phenomenon, recent studies emphasize that overly rigid and inefficient urban land-use regulations—by driving up land prices and restricting access—force low-income households into informal housing sectors. In Iran, this phenomenon also stems from economic, social, and institutional factors, particularly land-use policies and regulations, which, due to the inefficiency of responsible institutions and the lack of coordination and participation, fail to meet demographic and economic needs. The main objective of this study is to identify and analyze the role of land-use planning systems in the formation and persistence of informal settlements, with the aim of providing a basis for policy revision and proposing more effective solutions. This applied research is descriptive–analytical in nature and method, employing a mixed (quantitative and qualitative) approach to data collection. Components and indicators were derived through documentary studies and qualitative content analysis, and were subsequently validated and refined via a two-round Delphi method involving 53 university professors and experts. For quantitative data analysis and examinationof causal relationships, structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied using Smart PLS software. The structural analysis results revealed that factors suchas de-densification and restrictive land-use regulations, selective enforcement of laws, and limited access to formal land markets have apositive and significant impact on the expansion of informal settlementsin Tehran, whereas complex administrative processes showed no significant effect. The model explained 81.1% of the variance in informal settlement expansion, with a Goodness of Fit (GoF) valueof 0.76, indicating strong predictive power and overall model fit. These findings highlight the importance of reforming regulations, improving access to land, and enhancing participatory approaches as key strategies to address the growth of informal settlements.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

"؛ landuse"؛ Informal"؛
"؛ Settlement"؛ Identity"؛
"؛ Tehran"
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  • تاریخ دریافت 20 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 07 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 23 مهر 1404