The concept of urban vitality, as one of the qualitative indicators in the evaluation of urban spaces, reflects the social dynamism, active presence of citizens, and the physical efficiency of public spaces. A vibrant city is a place where collective life, interpersonal interactions, and the utilization of urban services flow within a dynamic setting. The role of physical components in enhancing urban vitality is undeniable, as the proper design of public spaces can provide the foundation for social interactions, a sense of belonging, and citizen participation. The present study aims to identify and comparatively analyze the physical components influencing urban vitality, focusing on the metropolis of Rasht. In line with the applied objective of the research, in addition to employing a descriptive–analytical approach and textual content analysis of the research literature, a purposeful case study was conducted to assess the current condition of the urban spaces of Rasht metropolis from the perspective of physical indicators of vitality. Based on the findings of the first stage of the study, factors such as accessibility, permeability, functional diversity, quality of public space design, and perceived safety are among the most important components that can foster increased urban vitality in metropolitan contexts. The results of the field surveys in the Imam-to-Municipality axis, Motahari Street, and Golsar Street in Rasht, in the second stage of the study, indicate that Golsar Street demonstrates the most favorable condition in terms of “accessibility and continuity” and “architectural and urban design quality” compared to the other two axes. In contrast, Motahari Street, with the lowest scores in the components of “open and semi-open spaces,” “seating and pause areas,” and “social activities,” requires a redefinition of its collective infrastructure.