One of the major and complex issues faced by human societies is the generation of various types of solid waste in different quantities and qualities, primarily as a consequence of human activity and consumption behaviors. The widespread public interest in maintaining a clean and healthy environment, alongside the economic considerations of waste disposal, has compelled relevant institutions to seek effective solutions. These institutions are often required to adopt advanced management systems—some of which are costly—to address and mitigate the adverse effects caused by such waste.

This research aims to investigate the environmental impacts of municipal waste within the deteriorated urban fabric of Mashhad, focusing on District 4 Municipality. The study population consisted of approximately 350,000 residents in Golshahr Town, with a sample size of 150 individuals. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, employing T-test statistics to test the hypotheses.

The findings indicate that the first hypothesis, comprising 11 questions (statements), received an average score of 3.14, and the second hypothesis, consisting of 10 questions, received an average of 3.34, both of which were confirmed.

The results highlight that citizen participation in urban waste collection contributes significantly to improving environmental conditions, public health (including cleanliness, insects, and disease control), and operational efficiency in waste transportation. Furthermore, the use of appropriate equipment for waste collection enhances residents’ satisfaction regarding neighborhood cleanliness.