**Abstract**



Safety is one of the fundamental components of sustainability in public spaces, as it directly influences the quality of citizens' presence and social interactions. Urban parks, as major public open spaces, should provide a safe and inclusive environment for all social groups, particularly young women. Accordingly, this study aims to assess young women's perceived social safety in Mardavij Park, Isfahan, Iran, with a focus on three dimensions of harassment: verbal, physical, and visual.



This applied research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through field surveys using a structured questionnaire administered to 40 young women selected through convenience sampling. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, employing a one-sample *t*-test and the Friedman non-parametric test.



The results of the one-sample *t*-test indicated that the perceived levels of verbal, physical, and visual harassment were all significantly higher than the theoretical mean (3.0), suggesting an unfavorable level of perceived social safety in the study area. Furthermore, the Friedman test was conducted to determine the relative contribution of each dimension to perceived insecurity. The findings revealed that visual harassment had the greatest influence on perceived insecurity (mean rank = 2.44), followed by verbal harassment (mean rank = 2.06), while physical harassment had the lowest contribution (mean rank = 1.50) compared with the other two dimensions.



The findings highlight the importance of addressing visual and verbal harassment in urban parks to improve young women's perceived social safety and promote more inclusive and sustainable public spaces.