This study aims to assess social justice and evaluate spatial inequality in the distribution of urban services and facilities in Urmia, with emphasis on urban sustainability components. In terms of purpose, the research is applied-developmental, while methodologically it follows a descriptive-analytical design informed by a scenario-based futures studies approach. First, a set of established urban sustainability indicators was extracted and localized to reflect the physical, social, and managerial characteristics of Urmia and enable an accurate assessment of spatial justice. Next, MICMAC structural analysis was applied to data obtained from expert questionnaires in order to examine the interactions among the identified factors and determine their relative influence and dependence. The results confirmed the existence of significant spatial inequality in the distribution of urban infrastructure, services, and facilities. Sustainable transportation, the spatial distribution of urban green spaces, and institutional and managerial capacity were identified as the three most influential drivers contributing to the formation and intensification of spatial disparities. Subsequently, the CoCoSo multi-criteria decision-making model was used to rank the city’s different areas according to integrated sustainability and justice components. The ranking results revealed considerable variation in access to services and facilities across urban areas, indicating that their spatial concentration has generated distinct patterns of advantage and deprivation throughout the city. These disparities suggest that fragmented sectoral policies and isolated interventions are insufficient to correct the city’s unequal spatial structure. The findings therefore indicate that achieving spatial justice in Urmia requires an integrated, forward-looking, and multi-level policy framework that simultaneously addresses social, spatial, environmental, and institutional dimensions. Accordingly, policy interventions are proposed at the micro, meso, and macro levels. By combining spatial analysis with futures-oriented methods, urban planning can become targeted, operational, balanced, and sustainable in reducing inequalities, improving equitable access, and guiding the future development of Urmia.