In the present era, the intensification of climate change and its consequences, such as rising temperatures, water scarcity, air pollution, and unstable weather conditions, has become one of the major challenges facing urban environments. These risks affect not only environmental quality and citizens’ health, but also their everyday behaviors and patterns of social action. Therefore, identifying the factors influencing sustainable behaviors, as well as the role of social capital and place attachment in confronting climate crises, is of great importance. This study is exploratory in nature and survey-based in terms of data collection. The statistical population consists of residents of neighborhoods in District 4 of Tehran, who were surveyed in order to analyze patterns of behavioral sustainability and residents’ social actions in response to climate change. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis and exploratory factor analysis using SPSS software. Based on the results, seven climate-related factors were identified, in order of priority, as influencing residents’ behavioral and social actions: climate responsibility, behavioral adaptation, climate awareness, cooperation and vulnerability, institutional support, energy conservation, trust, and self-management. The findings indicate that residents’ response to climate change is not limited to cognitive awareness alone. Rather, it is shaped through the interaction of everyday behaviors, social actions, and institutional support. At the first level, behavioral sustainability is reflected in habits such as conserving water and energy, exercising caution under unfavorable weather conditions, and demonstrating individual responsibility. At the second level, the perception of vulnerability, together with neighborhood relations and mutual trust, transforms climate awareness into participation and collective action. Thus, residents’ confrontation with climate change is not confined to mental awareness, but emerges from the link between everyday behaviors, social actions, and institutional support.