Social welfare in rural areas is considered one of the most important dimensions of sustainable development and is influenced by a combination of economic, social, service-related, and managerial factors. The present study aimed to analyze the dimensions of social welfare and to explain the role of influential indicators in rural settlements. The research was applied in purpose and descriptive–analytical in nature. Data were collected through a field survey using structured questionnaires administered to rural households and local managers. The statistical population consisted of 380 rural households and 70 local managers. To measure social welfare, 57 items were developed under eight main indicators: social participation, quality of life, social security, adequate nutrition, employment and unemployment, knowledge and awareness, poverty and deprivation, and access to services. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the Friedman test, and the one-sample t-test. The results indicated that the measurement model of social welfare demonstrated an acceptable goodness-of-fit and that all relationships between indicators and the latent construct of social welfare were statistically significant. Among the indicators, poverty and deprivation exerted the strongest effect on social welfare, whereas access to services showed the weakest effect. The Friedman test revealed that among the dimensions of rural management, the social dimension had the greatest importance in enhancing social welfare. The findings of the one-sample t-test further indicated that several service, educational, and health-related components were in relatively unfavorable conditions. Overall, the findings emphasize the multidimensional nature of rural social welfare and highlight the necessity of simultaneously reducing poverty, strengthening social capital, improving rural management performance, and upgrading service infrastructures.