Public spaces in urban neighborhoods are primary settings for social interaction, livability, and civic life. Residents’ presence in these spaces depends on sensory perceptions, environmental comfort, and vitality, while acoustic perception and soundscape experience play a key role in shaping citizens’ mental images and persistence in open spaces. Rapid urban development and morphological transformations have disrupted the ecological and physical balance of neighborhoods, exposing soundscapes to continuous traffic noise and acoustic disturbances. This can reduce residents’ psychological resilience, deteriorate micro-spaces for pause and rest, and ultimately decrease public presence. Accordingly, this study assessed the effectiveness of the physical structure and vegetation cover of urban neighborhoods in influencing residents’ acoustic perception and presence in public spaces. A mixed-methods (quantitative–qualitative) approach was adopted. In terms of purpose, the study was fundamental and exploratory, while data collection followed a descriptive-survey design. The study population comprised 22 experts who completed a questionnaire developed through documentary content analysis and Delphi survey. Indicators extracted through the Delphi stages were analyzed in SPSS using Q-factor analysis, weighted mean, and standard deviation. The results identified eight factors related to neighborhood physical structure and vegetation cover that influence residents’ acoustic perception and presence, ranked by priority as follows: physical organization and soundscape; urban image and environmental equipment; acoustic modifiers and material quality; spatial configuration and accessibility; environmental comfort; green density and collective acoustic perception; physical continuity and vegetation diversity; and enclosure and spatial boundaries. Among the indicators, vegetation cover, with a value of 91.7, and the area of spaces, number of trees, and neighborhood population density, with a weighted mean of 59.7, had the highest weighted means and greatest influence on residents’ acoustic perception and presence in urban public spaces, according to the experts.