The aim of this research is the synoptic analysis of heavy precipitation and flooding systems in the catchment area of ​​the Givi Chai river located in Khalkhal city and the extraction and analysis of effective systems in heavy precipitation by using the environmental to circulation approach. From the synoptic meteorological station of Ardabil province and daily discharge data from the water sources of Ardabil province were obtained and extracted from 1987 to 2021, which had 3 days of heavy rainfall. In the upper levels of the atmosphere, they were detected and tracked, and the days that had precipitation equal to or greater than 30 mm per day in the statistical years 1987 to 2021 were identified. To determine circulation patterns, air maps of the earth's surface as well as maps of higher levels above 500 mbar, omega maps and precipitable water maps were used. Findings: The result obtained from this research shows that from the maps of the earth's surface, low pressures and high pressures, each of them have been influential in causing heavy rainfall in Khalkhal city. In the maps of upper atmospheric levels, the location of the region in front of descent and high divergence were the main factors causing heavy rains in Khalkhal city in different seasons of the year. The internal conditions such as the Black Sea and the Mediterranean have also provided a source of moisture in the studied area. The main reason for the occurrence of spring rains in the city was the location of the mentioned area in front of the high pressure in the maps of the earth's surface and the maps of the upper levels of the atmosphere.