This study examines the factors influencing citizen participation in the City Council elections of Sari, Iran. Political participation is a fundamental pillar of democratic governance, and its decline can challenge the legitimacy of urban institutions. The findings indicate that distrust in council performance, insufficient information, and economic hardships are the primary barriers to civic engagement. Interview data reveal that many citizens lack sufficient knowledge about the roles and responsibilities of the City Council, which negatively affects voter turnout. Additionally, the lack of transparency in council decisions and the perceived unresponsiveness of elected representatives have diminished public trust, discouraging political involvement. Economic concerns also play a significant role, as financial priorities often take precedence over electoral participation. The analysis highlights the direct relationship between citizens' social capital and political socialization with their likelihood of participation. Individuals with broader social networks and higher political awareness are more inclined to vote and influence urban decision-making. Furthermore, media and social networks can serve as effective tools for electoral awareness, yet current deficiencies in transparent and accurate information dissemination have led many citizens to rely on informal and sometimes unreliable sources. In conclusion, increasing participation rates in Sari's City Council elections requires strengthening public trust, enhancing council transparency, and improving information dissemination strategies. Establishing direct engagement mechanisms between citizens and council members can further motivate participation and enhance the quality of local democracy.