Indigenous knowledge studies on rangeland ecosystem utilization play a crucial role in understanding the interactions between local communities and their environment, as well as sustainable natural resource management practices. This research systematically analyzes existing studies in this field, examining key concepts, methodologies, and findings related to indigenous rangeland management knowledge in Iran. The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, conducting a comprehensive literature review to synthesize and integrate findings from existing research.The results indicate that indigenous rangeland management knowledge in Iran exhibits significant geographical diversity and is closely adapted to the ecological, cultural, and social conditions of each region. Various management systems have been developed across different areas, including specific livestock grazing techniques, the use of medicinal and edible plants, and rangeland restoration practices. The reviewed studies suggest that many of these traditional methods align with modern ecological principles and can contribute to sustainable rangeland management. However, substantial portions of this knowledge, particularly in understudied regions, remain undocumented. Additionally, intergenerational transmission of this knowledge is weakening, highlighting the urgent need for its documentation and analysis.This study demonstrates that integrating indigenous knowledge with scientific approaches can lead to more effective management models. Nevertheless, structural barriers, such as limited inclusion of local communities in rangeland policy-making and decision-making processes, persist. Accordingly, future research should focus on systematically documenting indigenous knowledge across different regions, developing integrated management frameworks, and establishing participatory mechanisms to incorporate this knowledge into policy-making. The study also emphasizes the importance of preserving Iran’s diverse indigenous rangeland management knowledge as a valuable heritage and an effective strategy for sustainable natural resource management.