With the rapid growth of urbanization in developing countries, less attention has been paid to the quality of public spaces and the role of human presence in enhancing the vibrancy of urban environments. In this study, social vitality is defined as the active and voluntary presence of citizens in urban spaces and their ability to engage in social activities at different times and places. On the other hand, a residential environment can provide satisfaction when it meets the residents’ needs in social, economic, and physical dimensions. The present study aims to investigate the role of social vitality in residents’ satisfaction with the quality of the residential environment in two neighborhoods of Sabzevar city with different spatial structures: Sardeh (an old neighborhood) and Andisheh Town (a new neighborhood). The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the required data were collected through documentary research and field surveys using a questionnaire based on the 5-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software through descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including one-sample t-test, equality of variances test, mean comparison test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results show a significant positive relationship between social vitality and satisfaction with the quality of the residential environment. Also, there is no significant difference in the level of social vitality between the two neighborhoods, with both having moderate levels. Furthermore, the findings indicate a significant relationship between variables such as age and employment status and the level of social vitality, while no significant relationship was found for gender, education level, and monthly income.