بررسی نقش کریدور واخان افغانستان در طرح یک کمربند-یک راه چین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانش آموخته دکترا جغرافیای سیاسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، گروه جغرافیا، تهران، ایران

چکیده

افغانستان به عنوان کشوری حائل میان آسیای مرکزی و آسیای جنوبی از مزیت های ترانزیتی موثر برای پیشبرد اهداف اقتصادی کشورهای پیرامونی اش برخوردار است. از میان این کشورها چین با توجه به توانمندی اقتصادی در سطح بین الملل(دومین قدرت اقتصادی جهان) درصدد نظارت و تجارت با آسیای جنوبی، غرب آسیا و اروپا از طریق طرح یک کمربند-یک راه، همینطور کنترل هند به عنوان رقیب منطقه ای خود است، از این رو کریدور واخان افغانستان با توجه به مجاورت سرزمینی و امنیت نسبی نسبت به قلمروهای پیرامونی چین در نواحی غربی اش، راه حل مطلوب برای اجرا و تثبیت استراتژی اقتصادی یک کمربند-یک راه در نظر گرفته می شود. این مقاله با طرح این پرسش که کریدور واخان در ملاحظات اقتصادی چین چگونه ایفای نقش می کند، با روش تحلیلی –توصیفی به این فرضیه می پردازد که چین با توجه به فضای امنیتی حاکم بر کشمیر پاکستان و ناامنی کشورهای آسیای مرکزی به دلیل تحرکات گروههای افراطی، گزینه کریدور واخان را علیرغم تحت تاثیر قرار گرفتن از عوامل و عناصر جغرافیایی بخصوص توپوگرافی خشن آن به منظور نزدیکی به خاور نزدیک بزرگ(کانون انرژی جهان) و اروپا همچنین آبهای آزاد در برنامه ریزی بلند مدت استراتژی اقتصادی خود قرار می دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the role of Afghanistan Wakhan Corridor in the design of a China One Belt- One Road

نویسنده [English]

  • mariam verij kazemi
PhD Student in Political Geography, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch of Science and Research, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Department of Geography, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

As a buffer between Central Asia and South Asia, Afghanistan has effective transit advantages for advancing the economic goals of its surrounding countries. Among these countries, China, due to its international economic potential (the world's second largest economic power), seeks to monitor and trade with South Asia, West Asia and Europe through a One Belt- One Road, as well as controlling India because it is in regional rival. Therefore, Afghanistan Wakhan Corridor, considering its territorial proximity and relative security to the peripheral territories of China in its western regions, is considered a desirable solution for the implementation and consolidation of a One Belt- One Road economic strategy. Asking how the Wakhan Corridor plays a role in China's economic considerations, this article uses a descriptive-analytical hypothesis that China, given the security climate in Pakistani Kashmir and the insecurity of Central Asian countries due to the movements of extremist groups. , The Wakhan Corridor option, despite being influenced by geographical factors and elements, especially its rough topography in order to be close to the Greater Middle East (the Center of world energy) and Europe, as well as open water, is included in the long-term planning of its economic strategy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wakhan Corridor
  • economic strategy
  • One Belt- One Road
  • Afghanistan
  • China
کلیفورد، لوئیس،1368،سرزمین و مردم افغانستان؛ ترجمه مرتضی اسعدی، انتشارت علمی و فرهنگی،ص3.
مقاله
Cowan,Annie,(2018),Afghanistan Reconnected: Challenges and Opportunities in the Context of China’s Belt and Road Initiative,” East-West Institute Policy Brief:pp 12-13, https://www.eastwest.ngo/sites/default/files/arp-challenges-and-opportunities-in-the-context-of-bri.pdf.
Changgang,Guo, zahid khan, Muhammad Afzall,(2019), China-Pakistan Economic Corridor at the Cross Intersection of China, Central Asia and South Asia: Opportunities for Regional Economic Growth, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10971475.2019.1688005?af=R&journalCode=mces20
Diana Ibañez-Tirado, Magnus Marsden, 2020, Trade ‘outside the law’: Uzbek and Afghan transnational merchants between Yiwu and South-Central Asia, Pages 135-154 | Published online: 04 Feb 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2020.1716687,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02634937.2020.1716687
Kelemen, Barbara 2019‘‘China and the Taliban: Pragmatic Relationship,’’ Central European Institute of Asian Studies, June 26, 2019, https://ceias.eu/sk/china-the-taliban-pragmatic-relationship-2/A; and Ahmed Rashid, “Taliban: Exporting Extremism,” Foreign Affairs 78, 6 (1999), https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/afghanistan/1999-11-01/taliban-exporting-extremism.
Muhammad Munir,Muhammad Shafiq,2019, Geostrategic Significance of Wakhan Corridor for Afghanistan, China and Pakistan,p 203-215, https://ndu.edu.pk/issra/issra_pub/articles/margalla-paper/Margalla-Papers-2018/17-Geostrategic-Significance.pdf
Yaser Malik, Hasan,2014,Geo-political Significance of the Wakhan Corridor for China, Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, Fudan J. Hum. Soc. Sci, DOI 10.1007/s40647-014-0017-z, ISSN 1674-0750,June 2014,pp27-48 
مقالات سایت
Cowan, Annie(2018), Challenges and Opportunitiesin the Context of China’s Belt and Road Initiative,,https://www.eastwest.ngo/sites/default/files/arp-challenges-and-opportunities-in-the-context-of-bri.pdf
Compas, Secret (2015), High Passes Yaks and buzkashi, life in the Wakhan Corridor, https://secretcompass.com/high-passes-yaks-and-buzkashi
Chawla,Shalini(2020), Mapping China’s interests and engagement in Afghanistan, https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/opinion/mapping-chinas-interests-engagement-afghanistan
Farrukh,Wasif(2019), Pakistan’s hidden gem: the Wakhan Corridor, https://dailytimes.com.pk/499478/pakistans-hidden-gem-the-wakhan-corridor/
 Farmer ,Ben(2018), China 'building military base in Afghanistan' as increasingly active army grows in influence abroad, 29August , https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/08/29/china-building-military-base-afghanistan
Garland,Chad(2016), New rail route to China carries hope for Afghan economy, https://www.stripes.com/news/new-rail-route-to-china-carries-hope-for-afghan-economy-1.427671
Jafari,Naweed,(2020) ,Can China be a peacemaker in Afghanistan? https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/can-china-be-peacemaker-afghanistan
Javed,Hassnain(2018), Wakhan corridor and CPEC, https://nation.com.pk/26-Feb-2018/wakhan-corridor-and-cpec
Jensen,David(2003), Afghanistan Wakhan Mission Technical Report, Geneva, Report Coordination, http://www.fao.org
Kelemen,Barbara(2020), Toasting pine nuts – the China-Afghan air corridor turns one,, https://merics.org/en/analysis/toasting-pine-nuts-china-afghan-air-corridor-turns-one
Minnie, Chan(2018), Chinese troops could soon be joining the counter-terror fight in Afghanistan, South China Morning Post  ,https://www.businessinsider.com/hundreds-of-chinese-troops-could-soon-be-on-their-way-to-afghanistan-2018-8
Mahalingam,Brig V(2020), Will China’s Military Presence and Economic Involvement in Tajikistan Undermine Russia’s Influence in the Region? http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/will-chinas-military-presence-and-economic-involvement-in-tajikistan-undermine-russias-influence-in-the-region/
Mardell,Jacob(2020), The BRI in Pakistan: China’s flagship economic corridor, https://merics.org/en/analysis/bri-pakistan-chinas-flagship-economic-corridor
Mariam Safi and Bismellah Alizada( 2018),Integrating Afghanistan into the Belt and Road Initiative: Review, Analysis and Prospects,” Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, August 2018, http://www.dropsafghanistan.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Integrating-Afghanistan-into-the-Belt-and-Road-Initiative.pdf
Observer,Fair(2017), The Bridge To Connect Asia: The Wakhan Corridor, https://thecorner.eu/news-the-world/world-economy/the-bridge-to-connect-asia-wakhan-corridor/69080/
Parsa,Mirwais(2017), Opinion: Wakhan corridor brings China, Pakistan & Afghanistan closer, https://www.wionews.com/world/opinion-wakhan-corridor-brings-china-pakistan-afghanistan-closer-24799
Pandey,Shubhangi(2018), China’s surreptitious advance in Afghanistan: a multi-dimensional move, https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/44312-chinas-surreptitious-advance-in-afghanistan-a-multi-dimensional-move
Rafiq,Muhammad(2020), Pakistan and Wakhan Corridor: Tapping the Dormant Treasure shares, https://dailytimes.com.pk/666448/pakistan-and-wakhan-corridor-tapping-the-dormant-treasure/
Role of Afghanistan in the Neighborhood of Rising China (2020), https://menafn.com/1101127936/Role-of-Afghanistan-in-the-Neighborhood-of-Rising-China,,MENAFN15112020000175011038ID1101127936
Song Tao(2009), Vice Foreign Minister of PRC on the International Conference on Afghanistan in Moscow, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, March 27, 2009, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/pds/gjhdq/gjhdqzz/lhg_59/xgxw/t554788.htm
Sanchez,Suzanne Levi(2018), The corridor of power,, The remote Wakhan Corridor in Afghanistan was central to ,This Remote Afghan Mountain Range Is Key to China's Belt and Road Ambitions ,https://international.thenewslens.com/article/106267
Shafiq,Syed(2019), Wakhan Corridor: Pakistan’s Treasure Hunt Towards Debt Free Times, https://eurasiantimes.com/wakhan-corridor-pakistans-treasure-hunt-towards-debt-free-times/
Szczudlik-Tatar(2014), China’s Evolving Stance on Afghanistan: Towards More Robust Diplomacy with “Chinese Characteristics, https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/184324/PISM%20Strategic%20File%20no%2022%20(58).pdf
Shih, Gerry(2019) In Central Asia’s forbidding highlands, a quiet newcomer: Chinese troops’, The Washington Post, February 19, 2019 available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/in-central-asias-forbidding-highlands-a-quiet-newcomer-chinese-troops/2019/02/18/78d4a8d0-1e62-11e9-a759-2b8541bbbe20_story.html, accessed on August 11, 2020.  Read more at:http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/will-chinas-military-presence-and-economic-involvement-in-tajikistan-undermine-russias-influence-in-the-region/
Srebrnik,Henry(2020), Afghanistan’s Wakhan Corridor, https://www.saltwire.com/opinion/local-perspectives/henry-srebrnik-afghanistans-wakhan-corridor-415000
Toktomushev,Kemel(2018), China’s Military Base in Afghanistan, https://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/chinas-military-base-in-afghanistan
World Bank, (2019) Afghanistan will Need Continued International Support after Political Settlement, Press Release, December 5, 2019, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2019/12/05/afghanistan-will-need-continued-international-support-after-political-settlement.
Wakhan Corridor(,2020) https://caravanistan.com/afghanistan/wakhan-corridor
Ze Kai,Boh(2015), Road to the Dragon: Overcoming Challenges to the Wakhan Corridor, https://www.mantraya.org/
Xiaoqiang,Fu,(2014), China-US Collaboration Conducive to Developing Afghanistan’s Wakhan Corridor, https://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/china-us-collaboration-conducive-to-developing-afghanistans-wakhan-corridor